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Buckfast Abbey forms part of an active Benedictine monastery at Buckfast, near Buckfastleigh, Devon, England. Buckfast first became home to an abbey in 1018. The first Benedictine abbey was followed by a Savignac (later Cistercian) abbey constructed on the site of the current abbey in 1134. The monastery was surrendered for dissolution in 1539, with the monastic buildings stripped and left as ruins, before being finally demolished. The former abbey site was used as a quarry, and later became home to a Gothic mansion house. In 1882 the site was purchased by a group of French Benedictine monks, who refounded a monastery on the site, dedicated to Saint Mary. New monastic buildings and a temporary church were constructed incorporating the existing Gothic house. Work on a new abbey church, which was constructed mostly on the footprint of the former Cistercian abbey, started in 1907. The church was consecrated in 1932 but not completed until 1938. Buckfast was formally reinstated as an Abbey in 1902, and the first abbot of the new institution, Boniface Natter, was blessed in 1903. The abbey continues to operate as a Benedictine foundation today. ==History== The first abbey at Buckfast was founded as a Benedictine monastery in 1018. The abbey was believed to be founded by either Aethelweard (Aylward), Earldorman of Devon,〔 or King Cnut.〔 This first monastery was "small and unprosperous", and it is unknown where exactly is was located.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Saxon and Savignac Buckfast )〕 In 1134〔 or 1136,〔 the abbey was established in its current position; King Stephen having granted Buckfast to the French Abbot of Savigny. This second abbey was home to Savignac monks. In 1147 the Savignac congregation merged with the Cistercian, and the abbey thereby became a Cistercian monastery.〔 Following the conversion to the Cistercian Congregation, the abbey was rebuilt in stone.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cistercian Buckfast )〕 Limited excavation work undertaken in 1882 revealed that the monastery was built to the standard plan for Cistercian monasteries.〔 In medieval times the abbey became rich through fishing and trading in sheep wool, although the Black Death killed two abbots and many monks; by 1377 there were only fourteen monks at Buckfast. By the 14th century Buckfast was one of the wealthiest abbeys in the south-west of England. It had come to own "extensive sheep runs on Dartmoor, seventeen manors in central and south Devon, town houses in Exeter, fisheries on the Dart and the Avon, and a country house for the abbot at Kingsbridge".〔 By the 16th century, the abbey was in decline. Only 22 new monks were ordained between 1500 and 1539, and at the time of the abbey's dissolution, there were only 10 monks in residence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Buckfast Abbey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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